Petroleum continues to occupy a crucial position in the global energy structure. Oil and natural gas are not only major energy sources but also the most important basic raw materials for the chemical industry, widely used in the production of thousands of materials such as plastics, rubber, coatings, and synthetic fibers. Therefore, the stable and efficient extraction of oil from the ground is a key focus for oilfields worldwide.
I. The formation environment of petroleum determines the "Extreme Requirements" of pumping equipment
Petroleum is a complex mixture formed over millions of years from ancient organic matter under high temperature, high pressure, and oxygen-free conditions. It is mainly composed of hydrocarbons, including different types such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics.
These different components result in crude oil exhibiting different properties in different oil fields, for example: Large viscosity differences: Light oil flows easily, while heavy oil has poor flowability and requires greater pumping force; Inconsistent gas, sand, and water content: Some oil wells have high sand content, which easily causes wear on ordinary pumps; Large burial depth: Most oil reservoirs are located hundreds to thousands of meters deep, with complex temperature and pressure environments; Decreasing reservoir pressure year by year: Insufficient natural energy, and fewer and fewer flowing wells.
These factors determine that oil wells must rely on artificial lifting equipment to stabilize production during the extraction process, and the sugar rod pump is one of the most common and reliable methods.
II. Why is the sugar rod pump the most widely used lifting method in global oil fields?
The reason why the sugar sucker rod pump accounts for more than 60% of global oil fields is because it has comprehensive advantages that are difficult for other lifting methods to replace.
(1) Adaptable to various well conditions:
Capable of handling everything from shallow wells to ultra-deep wells.
The depth of global oil wells varies greatly.
Shallow wells: hundreds of meters. Conventional wells: 800–2000 meters.
Deep wells: Over 3000 meters.
Ultra-deep wells: Over 4000 meters.
A sucker rod pump is a lifting method with flexible mechanical stroke adjustment and freely configurable pump mounting depth. Regardless of well depth, optimal pumping effect can be achieved through different specifications of pump barrels, plunger matching, and sucker rod grades.
In contrast:
Electric submersible pumps (ESPs) are not suitable for low-yield, old wells.
Screw pumps fail quickly in wells with high gas content or high temperatures.
Gas lift requires a stable gas source and is not suitable for remote blocks.
Therefore, most oil wells with reduced pressure, insufficient fluidity, and low production will eventually revert to a sucker rod pump system.
(2) Higher tolerance for complex media：
Crude oil composition is extremely complex. Many oil wells contain sand, gas, water, wax, asphaltene, and other substances, all of which can have varying degrees of impact on oil production equipment. The structure of a sucker rod pump (pump barrel + plunger) can be optimized in terms of materials and structure according to the characteristics of the medium. For example: Sand-bearing wells: Hard alloy plungers, tungsten carbide coating, and a special "sand valve structure" are used.
High gas-content oil wells: A gas-lock prevention pump structure (Gas Anchor/Gas Separator) is used to effectively break gas lock.
High water-content oil wells: Lifespan is improved through corrosion-resistant materials and optimized pump barrel sealing structure.
High wax-content oil wells: Large-clearance pumps or special wax-resistant structures can be used to ensure smooth plunger movement.
The "customizable structure" of the sucker rod pump makes it easily adaptable to the challenges of different oil wells.
(3) Low operating cost, simple maintenance, and long-term stable operation in remote oilfields.
The biggest advantage of the sugar rod pump is not its high technology, but its durability, simplicity, and stability. It has no complex electronic equipment. Surface equipment (pumping units) is easy to maintain. The downhole pump structure is intuitive and easy to replace. It does not rely on external energy or complex control systems.
Therefore, remote oilfields (such as the Middle East desert, heavy oil blocks, unconventional blocks), old well regeneration areas, and low-energy reservoir areas all prefer the sugar rod pump as the core lifting technology.
III. How do the properties of petroleum affect the design of the sugar rod pump?
The properties of crude oil determine the pump's structure, materials, sealing method, and plunger fit, which are the core characteristics of the sugar rod pump. The core basis for pump design. The following are some key aspects:
(1) Viscosity and Flowability:
The viscosity difference of crude oil from different oilfields can reach hundreds of times, which will affect: the design of the plunger-pump barrel clearance, stroke speed and stroke rate settings, pump diameter (outer diameter) selection, and whether to use a large-stroke pump or thicken the pump barrel.
For example: High-viscosity oil requires a larger pump diameter and lower stroke rate to reduce friction and heat generation.
(2) Sand Content Determines the Pump's Wear-Resistant Structure:
Sand entering the pump will cause: rapid plunger wear, shortened valve ball and seat life, and increased clearance leading to decreased pump efficiency.
Solutions include: using tungsten carbide-coated plungers, using nickel-based alloy pump barrels, selecting ceramic or carbide balls for the valve ball, adding anti-sand rings, and anti-sand filtration structures.
IV. Technical Advantages of Dongsheng Petroleum Machinery Co., Ltd.
Como fabricantes de varillas de destornillador y bombas, incluidas bombas especiales, nuestras ventajas radican no solo en la calidad del producto, sino también en nuestras capacidades de I+D, experiencia en el sector y sistema de servicio.
(1) Sistema de productos maduro que cubre todas las condiciones de los pozos petroleros:
Dongsheng puede proporcionar: estándar APIbombas de varilla de succión, resistente a la arenabombas de varilla de succión, bombas resistentes a la corrosión y bombas especiales.
(2) Capacidades de procesamiento avanzadas y sistema de equipos:
La empresa está equipada con: tornos CNC, talleres de mecanizado profesionales, rectificadoras cilíndricas, máquinas de soldadura de émbolo largo, etc.
(3) Sistema estricto de control de calidad:
Implementamos un control de calidad de proceso completo, que incluye: inspección de ingeniería mecánica, detección del diámetro exterior del émbolo, detección del espesor del recubrimiento por pulverización tipo émbolo, 45.000 pruebas físicas y químicas, prueba de dureza Rockwell, prueba de dureza Vickers.
(4) Proporcionar servicios de ajuste de condiciones operativas para una adquisición más precisa:
Los clientes solo necesitan proporcionar: profundidad del pozo, corte de agua, contenido de arena, temperatura, parámetros de la unidad de bombeo, producción de un solo pozo y si contiene H₂S/CO₂, si es petróleo de alta viscosidad.
Podemos recomendar tipos de bombas y seleccionar las calidades de varillas de bombeo adecuadas para nuestros clientes. Esta es una capacidad profesional que los proveedores comunes no pueden ofrecer.
(5) Amplios estudios de casos de campos petrolíferos globales respaldan una producción estable a largo plazo para nuestros clientes.
Cooperamos con yacimientos petrolíferos en muchos países, entre ellos:
Bloques de petróleo mediano-pesado de Oriente Medio.
Pozos petrolíferos de alta concentración de gas en Asia Central.
Pozos antiguos de gran caudal en el sudeste asiático.
Bloques de petróleo de esquisto de Sudamérica.
Pozos de petróleo pesado de África.
Años de experiencia práctica nos han brindado un conocimiento profundo de las características de los diferentes yacimientos petrolíferos del mundo, lo que nos permite ofrecer a nuestros clientes soluciones más precisas.
V. La complejidad del petróleo determina la importancia de la bomba de varilla de succión.
El entorno de formación, las propiedades físicas y las características químicas del petróleo varían enormemente, lo que impone altas exigencias a los equipos de bombeo. Gracias a su gran adaptabilidad, fiabilidad y diseño estructural flexible, elbomba de varilla de succiónse ha convertido en uno de los dispositivos de elevación artificial más utilizados en el mundo.
Dongsheng Petroleum Machinery Co., Ltd. seguirá suministrando a los campos petrolíferos de todo el mundo varillas de bombeo de larga vida útil y alto rendimiento. Las bombas y las soluciones de bombeo especializadas contribuyen a que los pozos petrolíferos alcancen una producción más estable y eficiente.
Información del contacto.
Si busca un proveedor confiable de bombas de varilla API, bombas de fondo de pozo y bombas para pozos, póngase en contacto con Dongsheng:jason@tldspm.com